The Man Who Invented the “Psychopath”? Hervey Cleckley, an influential psychiatrist, is often credited with shaping modern understandings of psychopathy, even though his original intent was to help rather than stigmatize those affected. His 1941 work, The Mask of Sanity, was pivotal, as it introduced the concept of the psychopath as a specific personality type with 16 distinct traits. Cleckley described individuals who seemed outwardly rational but exhibited shallow emotions, lacked empathy, and engaged in destructive behaviors, though often without malice. Cleckley’s perspective was initially sympathetic; he saw these individuals as “forgotten” by psychiatry—people who needed understanding and treatment. However, as psychopathy entered the public lexicon, the term was quickly associated with malice, violence, and even inhumanity. Cleckley’s nuanced portrait of the psychopath was adapted by later researchers like Robert Hare, who created the widely used Psychopathy Checklist, a t...
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