For centuries, the Muslim world was a beacon of learning, home to universities and libraries so advanced they shaped human history. Their stories are a powerful reminder of what we can achieve.
I've been deeply inspired by the legacy of these ancient centers of wisdom. Let's take a quick journey to the 5 oldest Islamic educational centers that changed the world. 👇
1. A artistic rendering of Baitul Hikmah.
2. The interior of the University of al-Qarawiyyin.
3. An ancient map of the Indian subcontinent highlighting Sonargaon.
4. An architectural drawing of the Nizamiyya Madrasa.
5. The famous courtyard of Al-Azhar University.
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1.**The House of Wisdom (Baitul Hikmah) - Baghdad**🏛️
The first response to the history of Islam and the influential knowledge center is Baitul Hikmah or the assortment of knowledge. Although he began his journey as a translator, it gradually became a higher research center, educational institution and temple. Abbasid Caliph Harunur Rashid established it in Baghdad.
Abbasid Caliph Abu Jafar Mansour is of Greek knowledge and philosophyWas a special fan. Under his direction, books of medical, astronomy, engineering and literature were translated. He arranged to preserve it in the palace. After Harunur Rashid became the Caliph, it opened it to the general reader, scholars and students. He also enhances the museum.
The Caliph Mamun gave the fulfillment to Baitul Hikmah. He collected rare books of knowledge, science, history and literature from Rome, Persia and IndiaHe directed translation and research based on it. Khalifa Mamun himself also participated in the daily work of Baitul Hikma. During his time, numerous books were translated and written on astronomy, philosophy, medical and literature in Baitul Hikma.
The era of Khalifa Mamun is called the Golden Age of Baitul Hikma. However, the activities of Baitul Hikma continued. HerselfThe collections are thrown into the Dajla River. However, before the blockade, Nasiruddin Tusi was able to remove four lakh books.
Halaku Khan Baitul Hikma's book did not stop in the river; Rather, it also fires. The valuable museum of Baitul Hikma was destroyed. It is said that in the book of Baitul Hikma and other libraries, the water of the Dajla-Foras becomes black.
Baitul Hikma's activities were divided into several sections. As:
1. Translation center.Books were translated into Arabic from different languages. Yuhanna bin Masawa, Gabriel bin Bagtishu and Hunain bin Ishaq were one of the translators of the translators.
2. The library. Its main task was to preserve the books collected, translated and written.
3. Madrasa. Madrasa was in charge of conducting students' teaching, intellectual discussion and debate, conducting research work.
4. The temple. It is for high research on astronomyIs constructed.
One of the part of the Baitul Hikma was the Mandir and Aerospace Research Center. This is the first mansion and space research center in the history of Islam. The construction of the temple was completed in 214 AH, under the direction of Khalifa Mamun. Khalifa Mamun built a similar temple in Damascus. It was constructed in front of the Greek temple and the materials used in the Greek temple were placed in Baitul Hikma. Yahya bin Abi Mansour,Researchers like Abbas Zawhari, Sind bin Ali, Abu Sahal Fazal, Muhammad ibn Musa al -Khawarizmi were appointed in the temple.
Baitul Hikma unveils a new horizon in the practice of knowledge and intellect in the Muslim world. Of course, Baitul Hikma was also blamed for questioning the basic beliefs and thoughts of Islam, creating doubts in the minds of the common people and creating ideological factions and the path of the sub -party between the Muslim nation.Khalifa Mutasim Billah imposed restrictions on the activities of Baitul Hikma. However, until the destruction of Halaku Khan, the ruling 32 Khalifa were all patrons of Baitul Hikma.
2.**The World's First University: University of al-Qarawiyyin - Morocco**📚
Although there is controversy among scholars about which is the oldest school in the world for higher education, the oldest university in the world is the Karoin University of Morocco.No debate. Before the University of Karaoin, several more higher education centers have been established on earth. However, the structure of education that is meant by the university is first established in the city of Phase in Morocco. A Muslim woman named Fatima gained the unique glory of establishing the first university in the world.
UNESCO Education, Science and Cultural Organization UNESCO ended this debate and founded MuslimsKaraoin is recognized as the first university in the world.
The oldest university was established in the city of Morocco in 859 AD. Fatima al -Fihri, a wealthy widow, founded it. He first established a mosque called Karawin and later a modern educational institution was established in his courtyard. MandatoryThings were taught as history-geography and astronomy. Thousands of students from Arab-Africa-Europe studied here.
Until 1913-56, France faced the world's oldest university during the colonial period. The university stopped the distribution of tests and certificates and deprived the students of all state facilities. In 1956, after the independence of Morocco in the University of Karawin.King Muhammad took the initiative of modernization. She established various science departments and modern language institutes including mathematics, physics, chemistry. In 1957, the Department of Women's Education was opened.
Currently there are about 1100 teachers, officers and employees at the University of Karawin and about 9,000 students are studying.
3.**The Subcontinent's First Hadith Center - Sonargaon, Bengal** 🕌
Students of Bangladesh are still abroad for higher education. It is true in general education, as well as true religious education. But there was a time when the students from far-flung students came for higher education in our country. They used to come for higher knowledge of Hadith. This is because the first hadith center of the subcontinent was established in the land of Bengal. AncientShaykh Sharafuddin Abu Tawama Bukhari Ad-Dehlavi Al Hanafi Rahmatullahi Alaihi was established. He came to Bangladesh in approximately 1278 and established a rich Islamic education institution.
There are two views on the birthplace of Shaykh Abu Tawama. According to some, he was born in the Bukhara region of Persia. And according to some, his homeland is Yemen. Hadith, Fiqh and other Islamic knowledge as well as geography,He was proficient in mathematics, chemistry and logic. He arrived in Delhi in the 1270 AD in 668 AH, at the request of Sultan Ghiyasuddin Balban in Delhi. Then Sultan Ghiyasuddin came to Bengal at the request of Azam Shah.
With the help of Ghiyasuddin Azam Shah, he established a large madrasa and rich library in Sonaga, the capital. Students from far-flung to the subcontinentUsed to run for knowledge. Once upon a time the number of madrasa students stood at 10,000.
Shaykh Sharfuddin Abu Tawama taught this Sonargaon Madrasa for 23 years. A Persian compilation of the lectures he gave to the students during the teaching in Madrasa is still available. This compilation, 'Namay Haq' was published from Mumbai in 1885 and from Kanpur in 1913. In addition to himThe written manuscript is known to be kept in the archive building of the British Museum.
Shaykh Abu Tawama died in Sonargaon in 1300 AH, according to 700 Hijri, and he was buried on the ground of Bengal. However, due to lack of conservation, the monuments of the oldest binary educational institutions in the subcontinent are on the verge of disappearing today.
After World War II is destroyed by the historic monument of this scholar
4.**The Nizamiyya Madrasa - Baghdad** 🎓
Nizamia Madrasa, Baghdad, is one of the oldest scholars in the history of Islam. Khwaja Nizamul Mulk Tusi, the ruler of Iran's Seljuk dynasty, is the founder of this madrasa. According to 459 AH, the construction of the Nizamia Madrasah was completed in 1066 AD. Khwaja Nizamul Mulk spent two lakh gold coins to build this madrasa. 10 Zilhaj 459 Hijri Sun NizamiaMadrasa begins the official journey.
The madrasa was established on the banks of the river Dajla in the city of Baghdad.
Nizamia Madrasa was practiced in contemporary modern science. The Caliph considered the madrasa pride for themselves and all expenses were paid from the state treasury.
Nizamul Mulk Madrasa Nizamia on a full complexRaise Where all the accommodation of the students is kept. The hostel, separate reader, kitchen, water houses and wells, warehouse, libraries and mosques are built for the students.
The basic education building is built in a quadrilateral shape in front of the holy Kabaghar. The broad courtyard is kept in the middle.
Nizamia had survived for hundreds of years in the midst of hundreds of warships. Nizamia Madrasa was abandoned in 1914 after World War IAfter World War I, the last monument of the historic scholar was destroyed in the name of road expansion.
The influence of the Nizamia Madrasa in the management and intellectual movement of the Nizamia Madrasa was unacceptable. Nizamul Mulk built a rich library for Nizamia at Madrasa. During his tenure, more than 10,000 rare books were collected in the library. The Library turned the library into a ruin after the Mongols occupied Baghdad in 1258 AD.
5. **A Thousand-Year Legacy: Al-Azhar University - Egypt**
Al-Azhar of Egypt is one of the oldest universities in the world. However, al-Azhar had no university at the time of its founding.
Al-Azhar was converted into a university in 975. In addition to performing prayers here, teaching initiatives are taken. At the time of its founding, there were only five divisions of Al Azhar. They are Islamic theology, law, Arabic language and literature, astronomy, Islamic philosophy and logic.
1961In the past, Egypt's President Jamal Abdun Nasser took the initiative to modernize al-Azhar. He included modern issues such as accounting, economics, science, engineering and agriculture in the curriculum of Al Azhar. Women teachers and officers appoint.
Currently Al-Azhar University has 87 faculties, for 40 girls for students and 47 boys for students. 30 thousand in the classroom of Al -Azhar 15 thousand 155The teacher taught and received the lesson of five lakh students. About 20 percent of the total students of Al-Azhar University are foreign. Currently one lakh students from 102 countries are studying there.
Al-Azhar operates about four thousand educational institutions in Egypt beyond its own campus. The number of students in these educational institutions is 20 lakh. The title of head of the head of Al-Azhar University. The name of the current president said.Mohammad Hussein Mahrasavi.
Al Azhar has seven own hospitals to provide health care to the students. Al-Azhar is also the owner of the largest garden in Cairo. Established on 30,000 hectares of land there are 80,000 species of plants in this garden!
These weren't just buildings; they were ecosystems of intellect and faith. They show us that true power isn't just in military conquest—it's in the enduring legacy of ideas.
What historical fact here surprised you the most? What other ancient institutions make you rethink the flow of knowledge and power? Share & support your thoughts below. ✍️
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